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Pancreas:

an organ that makes insulin and enzymes for digestion. The pancreas is located behind the lower part of the stomach and is about the size of a hand.

Pancreas transplantation:

a surgical procedure to take a healthy whole or partial pancreas from a donor and place it into a person with diabetes.

Pediatric endocrinologist:

a doctor who treats children who have endocrine gland problems such as diabetes.

Pedorthist:

a health care professional who specializes in fitting shoes for people with disabilities or deformities. A pedorthist can custom-make shoes or orthotics (special inserts for shoes).

Pelvis:

The bowl-shaped bone that supports the spine and holds up the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs. The legs connect to the body at the pelvis.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy:

A method for removing kidney stones via keyhole surgery through the back.

Periodontal disease:

disease of the gums.

Periodontist:

a dentist who specializes in treating people who have gum diseases.

Peripheral neuropathy:

nerve damage that affects the feet, legs, or hands. Peripheral neuropathy causes pain, numbness, or a tingling feeling.

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD):

a disease of the large blood vessels of the arms, legs, and feet. PVD may occur when major blood vessels in these areas are blocked and do not receive enough blood. The signs of PVD are aching pains and slow-healing foot sores.

Peritoneal dialysis:

cleaning the blood by using the lining of the abdomen as a filter. A cleansing solution called dialysate

Photocoagulation:

a treatment for diabetic retinopathy. A strong beam of light (laser) is used to seal off bleeding blood vessels in the eye and to burn away extra blood vessels that should not have grown there.

Pioglitazone:

an oral medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps insulin take glucose from the blood into the cells for energy by making cells more sensitive to insulin. Belongs to the class of medicines called thiazolidinediones. (Brand name

Podiatrist:

a doctor who treats people who have foot problems. Podiatrists also help people keep their feet healthy by providing regular foot examinations and treatment.

Podiatry:

the care and treatment of feet.

Point system:

a meal planning system that uses points to rate the caloric content of foods.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD):

An inherited disorder characterized by many grape-like clusters of fluid-filled cysts that make both kidneys larger over time. These cysts take over and destroy working kidney tissue. PKD may cause chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.

Polydipsia:

' excessive thirst; may be a sign of diabetes.'

Polyp:

Benign tumors with the potential to become cancerous.

Polyphagia:

' excessive hunger; may be a sign of diabetes.'

Polyuria:

' excessive urination may be a sign of diabetes.'

Postprandial blood glucose:

the blood glucose level taken 1 to 2 hours after eating.

Prandin:

see repaglinide.

Precose:

see acarbose.

Pre-diabetes:

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a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but are not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. People with pre-diabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and for heart disease and stroke. Other names for pre-diabetes are impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose.

Premixed insulin:

a commercially produced combination of two different types of insulin. See 50/50 insulin and 70/30 insulin.

Preprandial blood glucose:

the blood glucose level taken before eating.

Prevalence:

the number of people in a given group or population who are reported to have a disease.

Proinsulin:

the substance made first in the pancreas and then broken into several pieces to become insulin.

Proliferative retinopathy:

a condition in which fragile new blood vessels grow along the retina and in the vitreous humor of the eye.

Prosthesis:

a man-made substitute for a missing body part such as an arm or a leg.

Protein:

1. One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide protein include meat, poultry, fish, cheese, milk, dairy products, eggs, and dried beans. 2. Proteins are also used in the body for cell structure, hormones such as insulin, and other functions.

Proteinuria:

A condition in which the urine contains large amounts of protein, a sign that the kidneys are not functioning properly.

Pyelonephritis:

An infection of the kidneys, usually caused by a germ that has traveled up through the urethra, bladder, and ureters from outside the body.