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Jet injector:

a device that uses high pressure instead of a needle to propel insulin through the skin and into the body.

Juvenile diabetes:

former term for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or type 1 diabetes. 

Ketoacidosis:

see diabetic ketoacidosis.

Ketone:

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a chemical produced when there is a shortage of insulin in the blood and the body breaks down body fat for energy. High levels of ketones can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis and coma. Sometimes referred to as ketone bodies.

Ketonuria:

a condition occurring when ketones are present in the urine, a warning sign of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Ketosis:

a ketone buildup in the body that may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. Signs of ketosis are nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.

Kidney:

One of the two bean-shaped organs that filter wastes from the blood. The kidneys are located near the middle of the back. They create urine, which is delivered to the bladder through tubes called ureters.

Kidney failure:

Loss of kidney function. (See also end-stage renal disease, acute renal failure, and chronic kidney disease.)

Kidney stone:

A stone that develops from crystals that form in urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney, in the renal pelvis, or in the ureters.

Kt/V:

A measurement of dialysis dose. The measurement takes into account the efficiency of the dialyzer, the treatment time, and the total volume of urea in the body. See also URR.

Kussmaul breathing:

the rapid, deep, and labored breathing of people who have diabetic ketoacidosis.