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Department of Pediatric -- Encyclopedia
MEDICAL
Search Results
BETA ALETHINE
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to a family of chemicals called disulfides.
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BETA AMYLOID PROTEIN
A specific type of amyloid normally found in humans and animals. In Alzheimer’s disease, beta amyloid is abnormally processed by nerve cells and becomes deposited in amyloid plaques in the brains of persons with the disease.
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BETA BLOCKER
A type of drug used to treat high blood pressure and heart disorders by reducing the strength and rate of the pumping by the heart
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BETA BLOCKER (BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENT)
A drug that blocks the effect of catecholamines, producing a decrease in heart rate and oxygen demand in the myocardium
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BETA CAROTENE
A vitamin A precursor. Beta carotene belongs to the family of fat-soluble vitamins called carotenoids.
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BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP B
A type of bacteria often found in the vagina. It can cause systemic infections in people with suppressed immune systems.
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BETA-ENDORPHIN
A substance produced in the brain, especially in the pituitary gland, that blocks the sensation of pain. It is produced in response to pain, exercise, and other forms of stress. It belongs to a group of chemicals called polypeptide hormones.
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BETA-GLUCAN
A type of polysaccharide (string of sugar molecules) obtained from several types of mushrooms. It is being studied as a treatment for cancer and as an immune system stimulant.
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BETA-HCG
See: beta human chorionic gonadotropin
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BETA-HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
ß-hCG. A hormone normally found in the blood and urine during pregnancy. It may also be produced by some tumor cells. An increased level of ß-hCG may be a sign of cancer of the testis, uterus, ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas, or lung. ß-hCG may also be produced in response to certain conditions that are not cancer. ß-hCG is being studied in the treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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BEVACIZUMAB(BE-VUH-SIZ-UH-MAB)
A monoclonal antibody that may prevent the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor.
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BEXAROTENE
An anticancer drug used to decrease the growth of some types of cancer cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. Also called LGD1069.
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BEZOAR
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal. Usual course - acute.
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BEZOLD ABSCESS
Sore throat and nuchal rigidity caused by insufficiently treated otitis media. Named after Friedrich Bezold, an otologist from Munich. Usual course - chronic.
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BG00001
A gene therapy agent that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called biological response modifiers.
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BIAFINE CREAM
A topical preparation to reduce the risk of, and treat skin reactions to, radiation therapy.
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BIAS
In a clinical trial, a flaw in the study design or method of collecting or interpreting information. Biases can lead to incorrect conclusions about what the study or trial showed.
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BIAS, ANALYSIS
Deviation of results or inferences from the truth resulting from flaws in the analysis or interpretation of results.
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BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR
A confounding factor is an variable which is related to one or more of the variables defined in a study. A confounding factor may (1) mask an actual association or (2) falsely demonstrate an apparent association between the study variables where no real association between them exists. For example, alcohol intake may appear to be positively associated with laryngeal cancer but the actual association may be with the confounding factor of cigarette smoking, i.e., people who drink alcohol may be at increased risk for laryngeal cancer because they also smoke cigarettes. If confounding factors are not measured and considered, bias may result.
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BIAS, MEASUREMENT BIAS
Systematic measurement error. For example, a sphygmomanometer which is not correctly calibrated will produce biased blood pressure readings.
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BIAS, SELECTION BIAS
Error due to differences in characteristics of those participants who are selected for a study as compared to those not selected.
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BIAS, WITHDRAWAL
Error due to specific characteristics of those participants who choose to withdraw from a study or become lost to follow up, as opposed to those who remain.
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BIAXIN
Brand name of clarithromycin.
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BIBX 1382
A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.
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BICALUTAMIDE
An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens.
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BICARBONATE [HCO3-]
The most common base found in the plasma and RBC
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BICEPS BRACHII
Some muscles have more than one origin (immovable end) or insertion (movable end). The "biceps brachii" in the upper arm, for example, has two origins. This is shown in its name, "biceps," which means "two heads." It is attached to the scapula (shoulderblade) in two places and extends along the front surface of the humerus (upper arm bone). It is inserted by means of a tendon on the largest part of the radius (lower arm bone). When it contracts, the movable end is pulled toward the origin, and the arm bends at the elbow.
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BICUSPID
A valve that has two leaflets.
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BID
Common eviation for “twice a day”
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BIFOCAL
A lens that corrects both near and distant vision by having two parts with different focusing strengths
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